As we age, our bodies change in obvious ways–wrinkles, graying hair, and perhaps a few more aches and pains. Over time, our bodies (and our cells) are less resilient, and it becomes harder and harder to bounce back from daily “triggers.” From sun damage to digesting toxins to dealing with a cold, environmental and lifestyle triggers put our bodies in a state of inflammation. If our bodies can’t keep up, this inflammation can become chronic. Low-grade, chronic inflammation can accelerate aging, which spurs a rapid cycle of aging called inflammaging. First identified in the early 2000s, inflammaging has become a central focus in aging research as scientists discover its impact not just on our skin, but also on our entire physiological makeup.

Studies show that inflammaging plays a key role in the development of age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s, osteoporosis, and even some cancers.

Why does inflammaging happen? 

Genetics can predispose certain individuals to inflammaging, but lifestyle and environmental factors also play a role. Over time, exposure to pollution, poor diet, smoking, stress, and lack of exercise can all intensify inflammation levels. This sustained inflammation gradually weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight infections and repair damage effectively. 

One factor worth examining is the connection between the gut microbiome and inflammaging. The trillions of bacteria and microorganisms in our gut play a critical role in regulating immune function. An imbalance in these microbial communities, known as dysbiosis, is increasingly linked to chronic inflammation and accelerated aging.

Just like our gut, our skin also has a microbiome–a rich community of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that work together to maintain a balanced skin environment. When the skin microbiome falls out of balance, harmful bacteria can take over, causing chronic, low-level inflammation. Over time, this “inflammaging” damages collagen and other structural proteins, accelerating visible signs of aging. By preserving a healthy, balanced skin microbiome, we can support the deceleration of aging, while maintaining healthier, more resilient skin as we age. 

How Inflammaging Affects Your Appearance

As our skin ages, it naturally becomes thinner and less resilient. The inflammaging process compounds these changes, accelerating wrinkles, fine lines, and dryness. (Read more about how we define the physical manifestations of skin aging here: The 7 Hallmarks of Skin Aging™). Skin cells that are chronically inflamed are more likely to break down collagen and elastin, the proteins that give skin its firmness and elasticity.

Inflammaging in the skin can also be exacerbated by external factors, like UV exposure and environmental pollution, which trigger oxidative stress and further inflammation. This explains why anti-inflammatory skincare ingredients, like antioxidants and peptides, have become popular in age-focused products–they target not just signs of aging, but also the underlying inflammation.

How Can You Counteract Inflammaging?

Lifestyle modifications and targeted skin care can help reduce the impacts of inflammaging.

1. Nurture Your Skin Microbiome: Incorporate products into your routine that support a healthy skin microbiome, promoting balance and resilience against inflammation. 
2. Choose Anti-Inflammatory, Collagen-Supporting Ingredients: Look for skincare products containing antioxidants that combat oxidative stress and soothe inflamed skin. Advanced peptides and ceramides can also help improve skin barrier function and reduce inflammation.
3. Protect from Environmental Stressors: Use broad-spectrum sunscreen and protective skincare to shield your skin from UV rays and pollution, which can worsen inflammation.

The Future of Inflammaging Research